at the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg for 4 days which resulted in the significant

reduction of serum hepatic enzymes and oxidative stress and also showed the normal

hepatic architecture in histopathological studies (Gupta and Dixit 2009).

29.2.7.2 Oleanolic Acid

Oleanolic acid is a triterpenic acid found in various plants such as Lantana camara,

Syzygium aromaticum, Ocimum basilicum, Salvia triloba, etc. It is reported to inhibit

carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury. The hepatoprotective effect of oleanolic

acid is due to the inhibition of carbon tetrachloride biotransformation by reduced

expression of P450 (Anand and Lal 2016).

29.2.7.3 Ursolic Acid

Ursolic acid is a common triterpenic acid found in the leaves of various plants such

as Eucalyptus tereticornis, Salvia triloba, Vinca minor, Ocimum basilicum, etc. It is

reported to possess hepatoprotective activity comparable to silymarin in carbon

tetrachloride-, ethanol-, thioacetamide- and galactosamine-induced liver damage in

rats (Anand and Lal 2016).

29.2.7.4 Berberine

Berberine is an alkaloid isolated from the roots, rhizomes and stem bark of Berberis

aristata belonging to family Berberidaceae. The plant is commonly known as

Fig. 29.1 Chemical structures of the bioactive ingredients of herbal remedies discussed in this

book chapter

570

H. Singh et al.